About IJWPH
Association of miR-146a Gene Expression with Inflammation of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Materials & Methods: In this case-control study, participants (n=150) were allocated to two groups; type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=100/group) and healthy individuals (n=50/group) as controls (males and females, age: 40-70, body mass index: 25-35). Expression of miRNA was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and fasting insulin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance was calculated as an indicator of insulin resistance.
Findings: miR-146a was lower in diabetic patients, as evidenced by higher ΔCt values (p<0.01). Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were much higher among diabetic patients than in controls. That is, IL-1β was significantly (p<0.01) higher in diabetics (93.9pg/ml; IQR: 50.1-122) than in controls (65.9pg/ml; IQR: 51.8-76.8). Similarly, TNF-α levels were significantly (p<0.0001) higher in diabetic individuals (26.1pg/ml; IQR: 17.1-31.6) than in healthy controls (16.1pg/ml; IQR: 13.5-20.9).
Conclusion: These findings indicate an increased pro-inflammatory state in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Effectiveness of Psychological Resilience Training on Social Participation and Quality of Life of Elderly Mothers with Exceptional Children
Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental study used a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included 60 elderly mothers (30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group) aged 65 years and above, selected through convenience sampling from welfare centers in Ilam city. The intervention consisted of eight 90-minute sessions of structured psychological resilience training. Data were collected using standard questionnaires and analyzed in SPSS 26 using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), independent t-tests, and paired t-tests.
Findings: Psychological resilience training significantly increased social participation (from 45.2±6.8 to 62.1±5.4) and improved quality of life in the physical (from 50.3±7.1 to 65.8±6.3), psychological (from 48.6±6.9 to 63.2±5.8), social (from 42.5±5.7 to 58.4±4.9), and environmental (from 47.8±6.4 to 60.1±5.2) dimensions in the experimental group (p<0.001). No significant changes were observed in the control group.
Conclusion: Psychological resilience training effectively enhances social participation and quality of life among elderly mothers with exceptional children.
Effect of Neurokinetic Therapy on Core Muscle Dysfunction among Subjects with Low Back Pain
Materials & Methods: Sixty-six subjects aged 20-50 years with chronic nonspecific low back pain were randomized into two groups (NKT and Control). The NKT group received treatment for 8 weeks. Manual muscle testing of participants was conducted during this period, along with identifying dysfunctional movement patterns and biweekly neuromotor reprogramming sessions.
Findings: The primary outcome, core muscle endurance, improved significantly in the NKT group. Plank endurance time increased from a mean of 45.2±10.5 seconds at baseline to 61.0±12.4 seconds post-intervention, whereas the control group showed a smaller improvement. Side-bridge endurance times showed a greater increase in the NKT group (30.4±8.2 to 42.6±9.3) than in the control group (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Interventional techniques such as NKT should be incorporated into clinical practice for the treatment of chronic low back pain, especially when core dysfunction is involved.
The Effects of SPARK and FBS Training Programs on some indicators of physical fitness and aerobic capacity in Children with Intellectual Disabilities
Aims: Children with intellectual disabilities have lower levels of physical fitness indices due to neurological impairments, motor delays, and physical limitations. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of SPARK and FBS training programs on selected physical fitness indices and aerobic capacity in children with intellectual disabilities.
Methodology: This semi-experimental study included 36 children with intellectual disabilities from Aligodarz city (mean age: 9.57 ± 1.69 years). Participants were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to three groups (n=12 each): SPARK training group, FBS training group, and control group. The training groups underwent selected SPARK or FBS protocols for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week, 45–60 minutes per session), whereas the control group received no exercise intervention. Balance was assessed using the Timed Up and go, muscular endurance using modified pull-up and sit-up tests, flexibility using the sit-and-reach test, and aerobic capacity using the 20-meter shuttle run test. Measurements were taken 48 hours before and after the training period. Data were analyzed using mixed-design ANOVA with repeated measures, Duncan’s post-hoc test, and paired t-tests at a significance level of P ≤ 0/05.
Results: Both SPARK and FBS training programs significantly improved balance (15.48% and 12.36), muscular endurance (26.4% and 25.8%), flexibility (26.13% and 18.36%), and aerobic capacity (10.16% and 12%%, respectively) compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). However, no significant differences were found between the two training programs on any of the variables (P > 0.05
The effect of functional training on brain-derived neurotropic factor and cognitive flexibility in obese elderly men
Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design. For this purpose, 30 elderly men living in a nursing home in Khorramabad, aged 60 to 75, were randomly assigned to two groups of 15: training and control. In the pre-test phase, blood was drawn from the participants after a 12-hour fast, and then the participants performed the Stroop task test. Physical training was performed for eight weeks, 3 sessions per week, each session lasting 40 minutes. The post-test phase was conducted 48 hours after the last training session and was conducted like the pre-test. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and univariate analysis of covariance.
Findings: The results of the present study showed that functional training has a significant effect on increasing the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in obese elderly men (P<0.05). Functional training also has a significant effect on improving executive functions (number of correct responses, reaction time of correct responses) in obese elderly men (P<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it is recommended that trainers and geriatric specialists pay attention to teaching functional exercises to improve executive functions.
Media-Based Cognitive Warfare and Its Mental Health Consequences: A Scoping Review of Anxiety, Depression, and PTSD
Instruments & Methods: A scoping review was conducted on Persian and English studies published between 2000 and 2025. Searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SID, and MagIran using keywords related to cognitive warfare, media exposure, and mental health outcomes. After screening 67 records and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight studies were selected. Data were extracted and synthesized descriptively due to methodological heterogeneity.
Findings: Across the reviewed studies, exposure to war-related media content was consistently associated with increased anxiety, depressive symptoms, PTSD manifestations, hypervigilance, intrusive thoughts, and reduced perceived safety. Vulnerable groups including older adults, adolescents, and individuals with occupational exposure to traumatic media showed heightened susceptibility. Two primary mechanisms were identified: (1) cognitive overload and emotional erosion caused by continuous threat-based messaging, and (2) secondary trauma induced by indirect exposure to violent imagery.
Conclusion: Media-based cognitive warfare exerts measurable psychological effects on civilian populations, contributing to anxiety, depression, and trauma-related symptoms. Strengthening media literacy, enhancing psychological resilience, and developing responsible media policies are essential strategies to mitigate these impacts and support public mental health.
Rehabilitation Nursing Care as a Mediators between Injury Severity and Functional Independence among Children with Physical Disabilities
Methods: A descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional study conducted in the Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq, from April to July 2025.Using rigorous random sampling, 420 children with physical disabilities connected to injuries, ages 6 to 18, were gathered from hospitals and rehabilitation facilities. The Functional Independence Measure for Children, the Rehabilitation Nursing Care Scale (RNCSD), and the Pediatric Injury Severity Scale were validated tools used to gather data. For the statistical analysis, SPSS v28 and analysis techniques were used. Person correlation and regression, we used the PROCESS macro (Model 4) from and 5,000 bootstrap samples in mediation analysis.
Results: Injury Severity was negatively correlated with Rehabilitation Nursing Care and functional independence (r= −0.68 to −0.72, p<0.001) while Nursing Care was positively associated with functional independence ( r = 0.79, p<0.001). The results of the mediation analysis have confirmed that the relationship between injury severity and functional independence is partially mediated by rehabilitation nursing care (B= -1.01, 95% CI [−1.19, −0.84]), with an overall model R² of 69% being explained.
Conclusion: It was found that rehabilitation nursing care significantly mediates the effect of Injury Severity on Functional Independence. Integrating structured nursing interventions into pediatric rehabilitation programs could further increase recovery outcomes.
Effectiveness of Physical Activity on Preventing the Risk of Recurrent Stroke in Medan City Hospital
Aims: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of technology-based health education in improving the knowledge and preparedness of patients' families for early detection of stroke symptoms.
Instrument & Methods: The study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach involving 100 respondents from five referral hospitals in Medan City. Data collection was carried out using a Likert scale questionnaire to measure the level of knowledge and preparedness of stroke patients' families. Technology-based educational interventions include the use of mobile applications, e-learning platforms, social media, and telemedicine.
Findings: The results showed that all forms of technology-based health education significantly improved respondents' understanding of the early symptoms of stroke and accelerated decision-making when symptoms were identified.
Conclusion: Digital health education has proven to be effective in strengthening early detection of stroke and has the potential to be developed more widely as a strategy to improve the quality of stroke treatment in Indonesia.
Keywords: Digital Health Education, Stroke Early Detection, Family Preparedness, Health Literacy, Technology-Based Intervention
A Decade Of Telerehabilitation Using Virtual Reality: Bioethics Perspective
Instrument & Methods: This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach emphasizing bibliometric studies. The research data is sourced from reputable international journals indexed by Scopus. The collected data is then thoroughly analyzed and visualized using the VOSviewer program.
Findings: The results reveal a dominance of technical and clinical studies with minimal attention to ethical aspects, indicating a disparity between technological advances and bioethical considerations. Keyword network analysis identified three main clusters: clinical effectiveness, immersive technology, and patient quality of life, while ethical issues such as informed consent, data privacy, and equitable access emerged as separate nodes. Key findings of the study include: (1) the dominance of research by developed countries (the US and Italy account for 44% of publications), reflecting global disparities in access to technology; (2) the risk of dehumanization in rehabilitation practices due to reduced therapeutic interaction, and (3) the lack of an ethical framework in the development of VR systems.
Conclusion: This study recommends an integrated approach encompassing the development of ethics-by-design principles, hybrid models that maintain human interaction, and inclusive funding schemes to reach marginalized populations. The study's implications emphasize the need for a paradigm shift in research that balances technical, clinical, and ethical aspects. Future research agendas should prioritize studies on patient experiences, evaluations of technological biases, and the development of regulations that protect user rights.
Exploring the Dimensions and Components of Pharmaceutical and Medical Equipment Supply Chain Preparedness in Disasters: A Qualitative Study
This study aimed to identify and elucidate the dimensions of preparedness of the pharmaceutical and medical equipment supply chain in disaster settings within the military health system in Iran.
Methods:
A qualitative study using conventional content analysis grounded in a constructivist paradigm was conducted. Purposive sampling with a maximum variation strategy was applied, and 18 senior managers involved in procurement, storage, and distribution processes participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed concurrently with collection using the five-step approach of Hsieh and Shannon, and findings were organized through framework synthesis.
Findings:
A total of 739 initial codes were extracted and subsequently condensed into 6 main themes, 16 categories, and 45 subcategories. The identified dimensions included needs assessment, selection and stockpiling of pharmaceuticals and equipment, demand forecasting, logistics infrastructure and distribution, inter-sectoral and inter-organizational coordination, and human resource and technological support. Preparedness was found to be a multidimensional and dynamic construct influenced by structural alignment, intelligent forecasting, efficient logistics management, coordinated governance, and the integration of advanced technologies.
Conclusion:
Strengthening supply chain preparedness in disasters requires a comprehensive approach encompassing workforce capacity building, data-driven forecasting systems, structural reform of logistics networks, and enhanced inter-organizational coordination. Weakness in any of these dimensions may result in significant disruptions in the availability of essential medical supplies during crises.
Health management in war and post-war crises: A systematic review of global evidence for emerging priorities for applied research
Materials & Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies examining health management interventions, strategies, and system-level responses in war and post-conflict contexts were included. Study selection and data extraction were independently conducted by two reviewers. Of the 900 records identified, 87 studies met the inclusion criteria.
Findings: The findings indicate that health management in war and post-conflict crises is structured around nine interrelated domains: health policy and governance; healthcare service delivery; mental health and psychosocial support; health of vulnerable populations; health information systems and digital technologies; health economics and equity; health workforce education and capacity-building; health system resilience and reconstruction; and legal, ethical, and humanitarian frameworks.
Conclusion: Effective health management in war and post-conflict settings requires integrated, adaptive, and evidence-based approaches that address both immediate humanitarian needs and long-term system recovery. Strengthening crisis-oriented health governance, investing in resilient service delivery models, prioritizing mental health and vulnerable populations, and leveraging digital health innovations should constitute key priorities for future research and policy action.
Psychological Resilience in Military Personnel: A Review of Influencing Factors, Assessment Tools, and Enhancement Interventions
Passive Defense as a Deterrence Strategy: A Review of Its Roles and Functions in Preventing Military Surprise in the Health and Non-Health Sectors
Method: This systematic review was conducted to comprehensively gather related literature, spanning from the conceptual evolution of Passive Defense (2005) up to the year 2025. No geographical or document type restrictions were imposed. Electronic searches were performed across three specialized databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed), two general search engines (Google Scholar, Google), and Persian databases (SID, Magiran). Furthermore, gray literature sources and manual citation tracing (forward and backward tracking) were utilized to ensure complete coverage of the literature. The study selection process followed the PRISMA framework.
Findings: The literature review revealed that the role of Passive Defense in preventing and countering military surprise can be delineated across fifteen key axes. The most critical application areas identified in the scientific documents fall into four main categories that form the foundation of defense strategies. Moreover, the dimensions of Passive Defense in these studies are categorized into nine key sections, and the fundamental elements and components of Passive Defense, which specify the executive requirements, collectively comprise seven vital components.
Conclusion: it functions as an active, multi-layered strategy that ensures national resilience against military surprise. This approach prevents a limited attack from escalating into a strategic catastrophe by reducing physical and cyber vulnerabilities and disrupting the enemy’s timing. also guarantees national survival and the continuity of sovereignty under novel threat conditions.
Persistence of Hypervigilance in Iranian Society After the 12-Day War: Letter to Editor
Analysis of The Hospital Preparedness Index in Responding to Disasters Based on The Hospital Safety Index and Its Influencing Factors at RSUD Haji Makassar
Materials and Methods: A mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design was employed. Quantitative data were obtained using the HSI questionnaire, which focused on hospital facilities and infrastructure, while qualitative data were collected through purposive sampling involving in-depth interviews with key informants. Four key informants participated in this study, consisting of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) staff and Non-Medical Facilities Maintenance Installation staff, with the OHS Committee serving as triangulation.
Findings: The hospital’s structural preparedness scored 0.65 on the HSI, signifying a moderate level of resilience. In-depth interviews revealed that budget constraints and the hospital’s prioritization of improving health services were the main barriers to enhancing structural preparedness.
Conclusion: Despite a moderate level of preparedness, further improvements are required in safety standards, emergency response capacity, and disaster management. Strengthening these aspects will enhance the hospital’s resilience in managing future disasters.
The Efficacy Of Closed Kinematic Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction Therapy On Pain And Functional Performance In Subjects With Patellofemoral Pain: A Quasi-Experimental Study
METHODS: A total of 46 subjects were selected with patellofemoral pain in which 30 participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects underwent of closed kinematic exercise with blood flow restriction therapy, with pain and functional performances were assessed using The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and The Anterior knee pain scale (AKPS) before and after the intervention. The pre and post-test values were analysed using SPSS version 30.0
FINDINGS: Significant improvements were noted in pain and function after the BRFT with CKE intervention. NPRS scores decreased from 8.27 ± 0.69 to 3.40 ± 0.56 (t = 32.535, p < 0.001), while AKPS scores increased from 43.33 ± 10.86 to 87.53 ± 4.94 (t = 17.826, p < 0.001), indicating marked pain reduction and functional gains.
CONCLUSION: The study revealed encouraging results, highlighting the effectiveness of combining blood flow restriction therapy with closed kinematic exercises for individuals suffering from patellofemoral pain.
The average time to reach a traumatic patient and factors affecting the ambulance response time of traumatic accidents in Sabzevar
Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 379 Emergency 115 missions related to traumatic injured people caused by accidents in Sabzevar City.
Results: The average ART was 8.4 minutes with a deviation of 7.4. Considering the very high and low times, the non-normality of variable distribution in the study, the mean, and the interquartile range also revealed that the average ART was 6 minutes, with a confidence interval of 7.6-9.2 for the mean. A significant relationship was observed between ART and the accident location so that this variable was longer in residential areas than in other zones.A significant relationship was also found between ART and the personnel's education level.A significant relationship was observed between ART and traffic volume. In addition,a significant relationship was found between ART and the traveled distance.With an increase of one kilometer, ART increased by an average of 20 seconds.There were no significant relationships between ART and the day/time of the accident, the type of dispatch vehicles, and the personnel's work experience.
Conclusion: The average ART is among the essential factors in assessing the quality of emergency services. The estimated ART value is close to the standard in Sabzevar City. However,a response time of <8 minutes was recorded in only 63% of cases,which is far from the standard(80%).
Impact of Short-Term Armed Conflicts on Bacterial Transmission and Public Health: The Case of the 12-Day War in Iran
Drawing on patterns from conflicts like Yemen, where over 1 million cholera cases were reported from 2016–2019 [1], the Iran scenario suggests damaged water systems and overcrowded shelters could lead to a 20% surge in waterborne infections, potentially affecting 50,000 displaced individuals. Gram-negative bacteria, including Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli, thrive in such conditions, with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa complicating treatment [2]. Women and children face heightened risks due to poor hygiene and limited healthcare access [3]. Key risk factors include poor inter-agency coordination, inconsistent water quality monitoring, and inadequate antimicrobial stewardship. To mitigate these, we recommend: (1) conflict-specific health emergency protocols; (2) continuous water treatment in displacement settings; and (3) strengthened antimicrobial stewardship.
Resistance Training and Its Impact on Blood Glucose, Testosterone, FSH, and LH Levels in Men with Type 2 Diabetes
Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental study included 20 men with type 2 diabetes (aged 45-60 years) who were randomly assigned to the resistance training or the control groups (n=10 per group). The training group participated in an eight-week supervised program targeting major muscle groups. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-intervention to measure blood glucose, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. Data were analyzed by SPSS 26 using the mixed ANOVA and an independent t-test.
Findings: The resistance training group demonstrated significant improvements (p<0.05) in blood glucose, testosterone, and luteinizing hormone levels compared to the control group and baseline measurements. No significant changes were observed in follicle-stimulating hormone (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Eight weeks of resistance training enhance blood glucose control and gonadal function in men with type 2 diabetes.
A Scientific Evaluation for Military Medical Services in the Russia-Ukraine War
Information & Methods: This systematic review was conducted by examining scientific articles published between 2021 and 2023, obtained by searching the sentences "Military Health Services in the Russia-Ukraine War" and "War Casualties in the Russia-Ukraine War." Additionally, military medical literature and military medical news from China, Iran, the United Kingdom, Belarus, and the United States were examined and interpreted.
Findings: The Russia-Ukraine war differs from conventional wars and counterterrorism operations regarding military healthcare. Diversity of front depth, frequency of mass and polytrauma, difficulties in medevac, and the loss of medical personnel were found to be noteworthy as the main problems for both Russia and Ukraine in this expanding hybrid war. Attacks on health facilities and medical personnel were also one of the basic attack strategies in this war, as in all wars.
Conclusion: Medical examination and vaccination for attending to the army, medevac distances, the safety of medevac routes, loss of medical facilities and medical personnel, lack of communication between medical units, the load of medical facilities deployed in route migration mandatorily, non-standardized first aid applying and absence of medical intelligence are main problem areas about medical services in Russia -Ukraine War. It has been stated that the military medical system is an important power protector and "Force Multiplier".
Effect of Emergency Nurses’ Work Stress, Workload, and Motivation on Emergency Severity Index Implementation
Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the X Regional General Hospital with a sample of 72 emergency room nurses. The questionnaires were validated to assess work stress, workload, motivation, and Emergency Severity Index implementation. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression to ascertain the relationship between the explanatory variables (including work stress, workload, and motivation) and the dependent variable (Emergency Severity Index implementation).
Findings: All three independent variables and Emergency Severity Index implementation had statistically significant positive relationships. The final model revealed workload as the strongest variable (B=0.14; p=0.002), followed by work stress (B=0.24; p=0.015) and motivation (B=0.1; p=0.046). The regression model accounted for 27% of the variability in Emergency Severity Index implementation (adjusted R2=0.27).
Conclusion: Workload is the most significant factor affecting Emergency Severity Index implementation, followed by work stress and motivation.
Review of therapeutic effect of trans cranial magnetic stimulation in psychological disorders
Human brain can be stimulated safely and non invasively by powerful magnetic field. This magnetic field causes a current in stimulated tissue, which stimulates the brain neurons. In psychological disorders, focal brain activity is observed in clinical syndromes. Application of trans-cranial magnetic stimulation as a therapeutic technique proposes to change the selective brain activities. Low frequency repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a new method in evaluation and treatment of hyper excitability brain syndromes, which changes brain plasticity. In this review article, therapeutic effect of rTMS in some psychological disease such as depression, post traumatic stress disorder, epilepsy, obsessive compulsive disorder and schizophrenia is discussed.
Risk Factors Predicting Hypertension in the Elderly
Instrument & Methods: In this cross-sectional, all patients who visited and received treatment at the general polyclinic and were registered in the Neglasari Health Centre’s report registration were investigated. There were 245 respondents in this survey. A basic random strategy was used to collect samples. Data were collected using questionnaires and observation sheets and analyzed by Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.
Findings: Age (p=0.000), family history (p=0.015), obesity (p=0.0001), physical activity (p=0.003), stress (p=0.000), excessive salt consumption (p=0.007), alcohol drinking (p=0.0001), and inadequate fiber consumption (p=0.0001) were risk factors for hypertension in the elderly. The degree of stress was the most important risk factor for the occurrence of hypertension in the elderly (OR=4.2).
Conclusion: Both non-modifiable (age and family history) and modifiable (obesity, physical activity, stress, excessive salt consumption, alcohol consumption, and low fiber consumption) factors can influence the occurrence of hypertension. Stress is the most significant factor linked to hypertension.
Examining the effects of ’bad’ and ‘good’ fitting conditions supracondylar PTB socket on interface pressure and comfort of unilateral transtibial amputees: Case Study
Background: Changes in the volume and shape of the stump causes difficulties in maintaining A comfortable and exact fit. Improper fit causes pain, discomfort and movement between stump and socket. There is not enough document to identify how much volume fluctuation causes fitting problem . To identify and understand the relationship between the changes of interface pressure between stump and socket with mentally feeling of amputees in "good" and "bad" fitting conditions.
Method and Material: The study was conducted on two below knee amputees. The method has 2similar stages, SCS was evaluated at both stages with the difference that one was done in bad and other in good fitting condition. To examine stump-socket interface pressure at each stage,static tests with applying half and full body weight to the artifical limb and walking tests were done.
Results: With volume reduction, it seems adding several sock layers to improve fitting condition (force couple correction)imposes high interface pressure to patellar tendon and fibular head which lowers amputees feeling of comfort. Without adding sock layers,stump movement to distal causes unbearable pressure to the distal of tibia.
Conclusion: In static tests, interface pressure increased in good fitting condition at patellar tendon and popliteal region. Walking tests in good fitting condition showed less movement between stump and socket and less improper pressure. Using too many layers of socks to improve fitting causes intolareable interface pressure at regions such as petellar tendon and fibular head.
Tactile and Force Feedback Gloves for Virtual Reality and Telecontrol of Anthropomorphic Manipulators; an Analytic Review
Conclusion: The development of the design of the glove will be implemented using a kinematic scheme based on the kinematics of the human hand, considering the requirements of aesthetics and ergonomics of the solution. As a sensor system, it is planned to use digital Hall sensors with a capacity of up to 14 bits, high speed and, at the same time, small dimensions, allowing them to be installed directly inside the swivel joints.
Frequency of Phantom Pain among patients with Spinal Cord Injury
Summary: Background: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) usually have permanent and often devastating neurologic deficits and disability and pain (1). According to the National Institutes of Health, "among neurological disorders, the cost to society of automotive SCI is exceeded only by the cost of mental retardation"(2). Neurogenic pain constitutes one of the enigmatic clinical syndromes faced by patients, clinicians, and researchers (3). Materials and Methods: Current observational descriptive cross-sectional survey is performed among 270 patients with spinal cord injuries including veterans and non-veteran disabled subjects in Tehran-City during 2005. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 37.8±12.2 years. 26.3% were female and 73.7% were male. 17.4% had spinal cord injury in cervical level, 41.5% thoracic, 38.1% lumbar, and 3% Quada Equina level. 76.3% had complete and 23.7% incomplete injuries. 19.3% had injury duration of less than 5 years, 11.9% between 5 to 10 years, and 68.9% upper than 10 years. Phantom pain below the lesion level was present in 89 patients (33%) that included 26% of veterans and 37% of non-veterans. There was a statistically significant association between age, marital status, and injury duration with having phantom pain (P< 0.05). Conclusion: it is concluded that frequency of phantom pain in current study is less than all of previous studies and our patients were totally resistant to analgesic treatments which may be due to physiopathologic basis of such pains in comparison with other pains due to spinal cord injuries.
Energy Storing and -Revealing Prosthetic Feet A Review Study
Aims: Since 1990 a new generation of prosthetic feet as "energy storing" in order to improve the performance and mobility of amputees entered to the markets. The aim of this study was to expansion and explanation of the concept of energy and terms relating to energy transfer as well as an overview of energy storing and returning measurement of prosthetic.
Information & Methods: In this review study, a systematic search of electronic databases, Google Scholar and PubMed was done and papers published from 1950 to 2013 were studied. Key words used were included various combinations of energy analysis, ESAR prosthetic feet and their synonym terms.
Findings: The results obtained from articles classified and examined in the three domains of concepts of energy and energy-related terms, methods of energy analysis in the prosthetic feet and functional classifications and naming of the feet enable to energy storing.
Conclusion: Analysis of the structure and components of prosthesis make it possible to understand how it works. One of the major issues in the analysis of energy transfer of prosthesis is the proper amount of absorption and energy release and the effect of it on amputee. Optimal performance and health of amputee is effective in designing these kinds of prosthesis.
Localization of Hemoxigenase in the epithelium of human air way wall induced by sulfur mustard
Introduction: Sulfur mustard (SM) as an effective chemical agent was used recently in the Iraq war against Iran. Currently more than 40,000 chemical casualty of war left with lung lesions caused by mustard gas.
This combination induce the production of oxygen free radicals are molecules that activate inflammatory processes. Heme Oxigenase is one of the important proteins that decrease the harmful effects of free radicals and involved in many cellular functions such as oxidant/antioxidant system balance in respiratory system.
Methods: 12 biopsy samples of the airway wall (8 chemical samples and 4 control samples) obtain by bronchoscopy. After fixation in Parafrmaldehyd 4%, 20 microns slices were prepared by Cryostat. The expression of HO1, a polymorphism of HO, by immunohistochemistry method in samples of veterans and control groups analysed and were compared.
Results: SM exposed samples were immunonegative for HO1 antibodies in compare to unexposed patients, while Normal ones expressed in high intensity in epithelium as a basal expression.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that this molecule play an important role in protecting cells against oxidative stress, including the poisoning of SM. So it concluded that the absence of this protective factor may be cause for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and continuity of problem.
Social Support and Social Health
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive study was a cross-sectional survey conducted on people of Yasuj in 2016. Four hundred people were selected using the cluster sampling method. A standardized questionnaire for the social support variables was used. The information was coded and entered into SPSS 22 software. Kendall's tau-c test was used to analyze the relationships between variables.
Findings: There were significant relationships between social health and social, family, friends, and others' support (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Social support (family, friends, and others) can help increase the social health of individuals, and it can reduce social harm.
Effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy on Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies of Combat-Related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Veterans
Introduction: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy on The Emotional Schema & Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies of patients suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Method: 6 patients from the clients of psychiatric clinic of Baqiyatallah hospital, were selected through available sampling, matched together and then divided into 3 groups (Emotional Schema Therapy combined with Medications, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy combined with Medications & Medications) Patients were examined 5 & 3 times by Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS) and the Short Form of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-18) and The Persian versions of the Impact of Event Scale-Revise (IES-R). To analyze the data, indexes of effect size, cohen’s d, process changes, slope and interpretation of ups & downs in charts were employed.
Result: After treatment, scores of patients who Emotional Schema Therapy received showed decrease in Negative Emotional Schema(Rumination, guilt, uncontrollability) & Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies (Self-blaming, Rumination, Catastrophizing) additionally, in some Adaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies (Positive refocusing, Refocusing on planning, Positive Reappraisal)and Adaptive Emotional Schema (higher values, acceptance, consensus, Comprehensibility) an increase was observed.
Conclusion: Emotional Schema Therapy via targeting directly mechanisms of pathological Emotional Schemas & Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies. can be appropriate choice for treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
survey of relationship between abnormalities of the spine and spirometric indices of spinal cord injury veterans
Background & Purpose: In addition to any disability, especially spinal cord injury level of sensory and motor performance of shows, other serious complications in other parts of the body, leaving lasting. . One of these complications, the spine is deformed. Many of the deformation of the spine, opening the chest to reduce this mode reduces the vital capacity and respiratory disorders, negative effects on the cardiovascular system and ultimately cause a change in the amount of their lung capacity is. The objective of this study, survey of relationship is between abnormalities of the spine (Lordosis, Kyphosis, scoliosis) and spirometric parameters (FEV1/FVC, FVC, FEV1, FEF75, PEF).
Materials & Methods:For this purpose, the present study was performed on 60 cases of spinal cord injury veterans And spirometric indices including FEV1/FVC, FVC, FEV1, FEF75, PEF was assessed using spirometry. For data analysis descriptive statistics were used and the test of Pearson inferential statistics were used.
Results: Based on survey results, a relation between Lordosis, scoliosis Kyphosis and spirometric indices, the rate and Kyphosis and Lordosis abnormalities was significant
(P<0.05). But there is no significant difference in the rate of scoliosis (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Due to the complications of spinal deformity and subsequent loss of lung volume in the injured spinal cord injury, for deformity correction protocols and a regular exercise program continued to increase indicators lung is recommended.
Relation between perceived social support and health promotion behaviors in chemical veterans in Ilam province on 2012-13
Background & Purpose: Chemical attacks in war can make short term and long term personal, family and social damages and limited social relationships of victims as compared to ordinary people. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and health promoting behaviors in chemical veteran in Ilam province 2012-13.
Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was performed in the entire moderate and severs chemical veterans, who they were covered by the Department of Veterans and Martyrs of Ilam province. Information was collected by using standard questionnaires for health-promoting behavior and Multidimensional scale of perceived social support (family, friends, and important people). The reliability and validity of these instruments was desirable. Inclusion criteria were percentage of disability with moderate and sever levels and enough physical strength to answer questions, and exclusion criteria were also lack of cooperation and have no permanent residence in Ilam province. After data collection, all data were analyzed by SPSS statistical soft ware and Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression.
Results: All of 239 veterans indicated that all of them were men with mean and standard deviation age 51.17± 8.87 years and there is a significant relation between all subscales of social support and health-promotion behavior subscales (p<0.05). Among the subscales of social support, friend support had the highest correlation with health-promoting behaviors (r= 0.391), and support from important people showed the lowest correlation (r= 0.367). The all regression models of health promotion behavior and its subscales were significant.
Conclusion: There is a relation between perceived social support especially friend support and health-promotion behaviors, therefore suggest that the friend as a resource support was used in design of educational programs.
The effect of lateral wedge insole with and without subtalar strap on vertical component of ground reaction force in knee osteoarthritis
Objective: The effects of lateral wedge insoles with and without subtalar strap on vertical component of ground reaction force were compared. Methods: Twenty five patients aged over 40 years with grades I or II of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis based on Kellgrene and Lawrence grading system were participated in this study. They were tested in 3 conditions while walking in a 3-meter walkway: bare foot, lateral wedge insole and lateral wedge insole with subtalar strap. Three successful trials were recorded in each condition. Gait analysis was performed to compare the immediate effect of lateral wedge insole with and without subtalar strap on vertical component of ground reaction force.
Results: There was significant effect of lateral wedge insole with subtalar strap on second peak of vertical ground reaction force related to lateral wedge insole and without insole conditions. But no significant effect of lateral wedge insole with and without subtalar strap was found on first peak of vertical ground reaction force and walking speed.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that lateral wedge insole can reduce second peak of vertical ground reaction force. Also it was understood lateral wedge insole with subtalar strap might be more efficacious than lateral wedge insole in mild knee osteoarthritis patients.
Validation of a Device for Registering Orthotic Wearing Time during the Laboratory Climate Tests on Normal Volunteers
Laboratory instrumentation of orthoses and prostheses can be used to objectively gain accurate information. In this study the measurement of orthosis wearing time during laboratory climate tests with normal volunteers were accomplished to determine the validity and reliability of the device for registering orthotic wearing time that was designed and fabricated in
The Comparison of the quality of life of the war veterans families with/without Post traumatic Stress Disorder
Introduction: The aim of current study was comparison of the quality of life of the war veteran’s families with/without PTSD.
Method: In this purpose 300 war veterans' families were selected by clustering random sampling in Hamedan province. The measures of this research were quality of life questionnaire 28 items and demographic inventory.
Results: The results of independent samples t-test have shown the war veterans with PTSD reported lower scores on Physical Function, Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, and mental health in comparison of the war veterans without PTSD. The spouses of the war veterans with PTSD also have reported lower quality of life in all subscales in comparison of the spouses of war veterans without PTSD. The children of the war veterans with PTSD have reported lower scores only on general health in comparison of the children of the war veterans without PTSD.
Conclusion: In respect to results, it appears that consideration of family's health in war veterans' families is necessary with special attention to war veterans with PTSD. However, planning, and instructional, therapeutic policies can be useful
The relationship between basic need satisfaction and general healthof veteransofIsfahan’s AmiralmomeninHosptital
Background& Purpose: The onlyforcethat hastargetedhealth,physicalandmental. Satisfythebasicneedsrequiredto grow theconsistency,specificityandprovidepsychological well-being. The present study aims at analyzing the efficiency of basic need satisfaction in general in predicting the veterans’ general health at Isfahan’s AmiralmomeninHosptital.
Methods&Material:132 veterans were chosen randomly at AmiralmomeninHospital. They answered the questionnaires of the Basic Need Satisfaction (Basic Needs Satisfaction) and General Health (General Health Questioner ). In order to analyze the data, multivariate (step by step) regression analysis was used.
Result: The results indicated that satisfying the basic need satisfaction has correlation with the veterans’ general health (p<0.001) and also, the results indicated that among the psychological needs, satisfying the autonomy need and general health are predicted significantly (p<0.001).
Conclusion: To sum up, the results of the present study confirmed the efficiency of the basic needs satisfaction in predicting general health.
Psychological- social consequences chemical bombardment of the Sardasht victims (a qualitative study)
Purpose: Aim of the present research is study of psychic and social consequences of chemical bombarding on the victims of Sardasht City by qualitative method.
Material & Method: 15 men and 15 women of Sardasht City victims were selected as available sampling and they were interviewed in semi-structured manner. Method of qualitative research is interpretive. Results of the interviews were divided into several categories.
Results: Results show that psychic and social consequences of chemical bombarding on the victims include complaints such as social complaints, psychic complaints, exhaustion problems, economical complaints, characteristic complaints, anger, no safety sensation, emotional interdependent, decrease of social interaction exist in victims.
Conclusion: Results of the research demonstrate social and psychological problems have higher role in psychic- social consequences of chemical bombarding in ratio with other psychic- social consequences. Finally, we involved in limitations and providing several recommendations
Correlation between mindfulness and executive functions in blinds veterans
Background and Aim : Mindfulness is ability of self regulating attention and direct it for task. The purpose of present study is evaluation of correlation between mindfulness and executive function in blind veterans.
Materials & Methods : we evaluate 93 blind veterans with Dys executive function and mindfulness questionnaire. Pearson Correlation Test was used to evaluation.
Results : findings show significant correlation between mindfulness and executive function specially inhibition and memory (P<0.01) and arousal (P<0.01) subscale. No correlation found in intentionality and hyperactivity subscale (P>0.05).
Conclusion : Cause of correlation between mindfulness and inhibition, arousal and memory is common structural and functional overlap. Mindfulness can be used as a proper predictor of this subscale of executive functions.
